Frequently Asked Questions

Orders
All products are currently made-to-order. I'm just a dude with a computer and some equipment, working out of a small space. While the USPS shipping time is 5-7 business days, it may take me just as long to procure your items. If people ordered before you, then I have to make their orders first. Expectation for wait times should at the minimum, be two weeks for fulfillment. This gets worse around the holidays, but I am not Amazon. I would like to get to a point where I can stock up on patches and maintain an inventory, but I am not there, yet. If you have any questions about your order status, number, or shipping information, please don't hesitate to reach out to me.

Since these items are made to order, there is typically about a two to three day window where your order can be cancelled and a refund can be requested. However, once fulfillment starts, I am not able to provide refunds or cancel orders. In the future, when I have items on hand already, this will likely change. But time, materials, and effort are all factored in, and once I begin using my labor, I have to make sure it is compensated. Please make sure you actually want the items and can afford them prior to placing orders to avoid any issues. I know this can seem selfish, especially when I am very customer-centric, but there is a cost to maintaining supplies and utilizing my time.

Do you have permission to use this artwork?
Most of the images used as designs are 100% my original work. The rest are either parodies or original variations of popular internet trends and memes, or other uncopyrighted or nontrademarked media. Being as how I am literally just a dude in a garage, most internet artists aren't really responding to my inquisitions about permission to use their art. I have gotten some permissions, but others did not respond. If they ever take an issue with it, or some ruling comes out that changes how this all works, then I will be more than happy to stop making the patches or reach some kind of agreement. 

As for the corporate IPs, I like to think I am filling a gap for their customer base, and that I am just reinforcing their fans' interest in popular franchises and forms of media. I would imagine taking these designs (most of which have been altered in some way) away from my available inventory and denying customers access to this merch would come across as greedy, especially from a multi-million dollar company. As an extremely small business, if they want a share of my daily bread, then I guess they can ask me for it.

Are you a Communist?
Sort of. I definitely subscribe to most of the communist theory. But I have an issue with a state apparatus. I think most people on the left would call me some kind of anarchist, yet others would call me a "tankie". I believe in left unity, and I think there is more than one way to skin a cat. The idea of a vanguard might be necessary in some communities, but syndicalism could also be the way forward. I guess I am a damn centrist (on the left) because I would be fine, and equally skeptical, working with anarchists or communists to bring about the revolution and win the class war. I strive for a classless, moneyless, and stateless society. A world where small, interconnected communities live in balance with the environment and their neighbors. That is communism.

Are you a Socialist?
Yeah, I reckon. The definition of socialism is that the workers own the means of production. Those who do the work, should make the decisions and make the money. The world where a dude and his hands just builds a company out of nothing are long gone. These days, we are at a point where the guy owning the company, isn't even the grandson of the dude who founded it. They sold it off to some conglomerate and now its just a corporate shell, trying to take us for all the money it can. I think the people in the factory, should collectively own the factory. I think the people in the store, should collectively own the store. There's no need for middle men, and if you keep adding "middles" to every transaction, eventually it balloons into this bullshit that we all have to deal with every day. The mechanisms that exist in the economy and the political world should work in favor of the people, not profit.

Are you an Anarchist? 
In my heart, yes. I think all governing entities should be kept to a minimum. It needs to be a direct democracy where everyone's voice is not only heard, but respected. You don't need miles and miles of legislation to keep a society running. You don't need an armed occupying force to keep people secure. You need to educate people to be responsible, not only for themselves, but for everything around them. Anarchism doesn't work if everyone is only worried about getting theirs. You have to be the type of person who picks up their own mess, helps an old lady cross the street, and puts the shopping cart back in the corral. Cooperation is human nature- competition is what they are trying to condition us for. If we are all worried about our own little crumbs, nobody will notice the whole pie is available.

How can you be Anti-Capitalist and still Sell Stuff?
Because capitalism is a specific economic model that developed from mercantilism. Capitalism is where the means of production are privately owned, and they are operated for a profit. Capitalists own the factories, the fields, the mines, the bakeries, the stores- basically the whole economy. I am not a capitalist, and I do not support a system where the richest guy gets to do whatever he wants. Sounds like "pay to win" and I'm pretty sure all of us hate that nonsense. Commerce and trade are not only facets of capitalism or even mercantilism. Commerce has existed for just as long as we have had society. Markets even exist in some forms of socialism. There's always going to be an economy, because that is our relation to each other and our resources.
However, I am a worker and I have no employees. I own my means of production. I sell my goods to keep me alive, not generate a profit. I exist in a capitalist system where I have to use currency. Participation in the dominant economic system for the purpose of survival is not condoning the system itself. If I could give my patches and stuff away for free, I absolutely would. You fucking bootlicking capitalists won't let me. I am a socialist who is forced to act like a capitalist so that I won't fucking starve and my kid can go to school.

But Communism has killed like, a bajillion people!?
Feel free to just look these things up. There's more than one source and of course as a commie, mine are never good enough. But the numbers hold up. Numbers are facts. Cant argue with facts, right?

526,000 die each year to armed conflict according to Geneva Declaration on Armed Violence and Development. War is profitable, capitalism is driven by profit. Ergo, capitalism drives war. Lockheed Martin and all them love it.

9 million every year due to starvation according to World Food Programme. The Western hemisphere throws away as much food as the entire continent of Africa produces each year. Food that cannot be sold does not feed the hungry- it is thrown away. Cops are sent to bust up activists feeding the homeless as well.

Annual deaths globally are 60 million: 50-70% of those each year are due to communicable and noncommunicable diseases, according to the WHO. Diseases that are the result of what's in our food, the results of available medicine and whatever can't be prevented because of its costs, as well as the infrastructure necessary to tackle these problems. Not just bacteria and viruses killing people.

A median of 25,000 deaths each year for people who are homeless (in the US alone, but I will admit some of this is overlap with disease and starvation, as not all of them are obviously from exposure, purely).

49.6 million are subjected to modern day slavery (sex trade, sweatshops, forced labor, marriage, debt slavery etc.) While not death, slavery is horrible and will persist for as long as people can make money off of it. Even the US prison industrial complex is slavery. I am also not even counting deaths by police, from neglect in jail or border detention centers, or any of the other issues related to prisons/police in a capitalist system. This is according to Slavery International.

This bring us to 39,551,000 deaths every year from the current economic model that runs the world. Wars generate profit, grant access to resources, embargos strain poorer countries, rich countries strong-arm weaker countries for their natural resources, etc. Medicine costs out of the ass, even with insurance, some places don’t even have access to this medicine because the Western markets hog it all up. Food! Starvation kills, but we grow so much we cant sell it all- and throw the rest away. While 9 million people starve every year.

If we look at capitalism from its birth with mercantilism and the creation of the East India Company- a lot more deaths fall under capitalism than under communism since their respective "inceptions" as economic models. Right wingers claim 100 million died to communism since the Russian Revolution (from the largely propagandized and recently debunked "Black Book of Communism"). We've shown that in 5 years, even more than that die under capitalism. So if we scroll back and count imperialism, colonialism, chattel slavery, (lets not forget how many people are in India and China here, how many Africans were sold off, during colonialism) literally BILLIONS of lives have been lost under capitalism. You're just mad because communists kill fascists, and all of your grandparents were on the wrong side of history. Yes, communism does kill-

It kills Fascists.
 
Terms That Everyone Should Know, Because the News and Schools Lie To You
Capitalism: an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit. Those with the most wealth or best connections get to own everything and through this power, they can manipulate "free markets" to work in their favor. They have so much wealth, they can make decisions that would bankrupt their opponents and employees, while they actually turn a profit. It is unfair to the working masses. The criticisms of capitalism are wide ranging, and emerge from leftists, right wingers, nationalists, and religious organizations.
 
Anarchism: a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including governments, nation states, law and law enforcement, and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies or other forms of free associations. As a historically left-wing movement, this reading of anarchism is placed on the farthest left of the political spectrum, usually described as the libertarian wing of the socialist movement (libertarian socialism).

Humans have lived in societies without formal hierarchies long before the establishment of states, realms, or empires. With the rise of organised hierarchical bodies, scepticism toward authority also rose. Although traces of anarchist ideas are found all throughout history, modern anarchism emerged from the Enlightenment. During the latter half of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, the anarchist movement flourished in most parts of the world and had a significant role in workers' struggles for emancipation. Various anarchist schools of thought formed during this period. Anarchists have taken part in several revolutions, most notably in the Paris Commune, the Russian Civil War and the Spanish Civil War, whose end marked the end of the classical era of anarchism. In the last decades of the 20th and into the 21st century, the anarchist movement has been resurgent once more, growing in popularity and influence within anti-capitalist, anti-war and anti-globalisation movements.

Anarchists employ diverse approaches, which may be generally divided into revolutionary and evolutionary strategies; there is significant overlap between the two. Evolutionary methods try to simulate what an anarchist society might be like, but revolutionary tactics, which have historically taken a violent turn, aim to overthrow authority and the state. Many facets of human civilization have been influenced by anarchist theory, critique, and praxis.
 
Socialism: a political philosophy and movement encompassing a wide range of economic and social systems which are characterized by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the economic, political, and social theories and movements associated with the implementation of such systems. Social ownership can be public, community, collective, cooperative, or employee. While no single definition encapsulates the many types of socialism, social ownership is the one common element, and is considered left-wing. Different types of socialism vary based on the role of markets and planning in resource allocation, on the structure of management in organizations, and from below or from above approaches, with some socialists favoring a party, state, or technocratic-driven approach. Socialists disagree on whether government, particularly existing government, is the correct vehicle for change

Socialist systems are divided into non-market and market forms. Non-market socialism substitutes factor markets and often money with integrated economic planning and engineering or technical criteria based on calculation performed in-kind, thereby producing a different economic mechanism that functions according to different economic laws and dynamics than those of capitalism. A non-market socialist system seeks to eliminate the perceived inefficiencies, irrationalities, unpredictability, and crises that socialists traditionally associate with capital accumulation and the profit system in capitalism. By contrast, market socialism retains the use of monetary prices, factor markets and in some cases the profit motive, with respect to the operation of socially owned enterprises and the allocation of capital goods between them. Profits generated by these firms would be controlled directly by the workforce of each firm or accrue to society at large in the form of a social dividend. Anarchism and libertarian socialism oppose the use of the state as a means to establish socialism, favoring decentralization above all, whether to establish non-market socialism or market socialism.
 
Communism: a left-wing to far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need. Communist societies also promote the absence of private property and social classes, and ultimately money and the state. Communists often seek a voluntary state of self-governance but disagree on the means to this end. This reflects a distinction between a more libertarian approach of communization, revolutionary spontaneity, and workers' self-management, and a more authoritarian vanguardist or Communist party-driven approach through the development of a constitutional socialist state followed by the withering away of the state. As one of the main ideologies on the political spectrum, communism is placed on the left-wing alongside socialism, and communist parties and movements have been described as radical left or far-left.

Variants of communism have been developed throughout history, including anarcho-communism, Marxist schools of thought, and religious communism, among others. Communism includes a variety of schools of thought, which broadly include Marxism, Leninism, and libertarian communism, as well as the political ideologies grouped around those. All of these different ideologies generally share the analysis that the current order of society stems from capitalism, its economic system, and mode of production, that in this system there are two major social classes, that the relationship between these two classes is exploitative, and that this situation can only ultimately be resolved through a social revolution. The two classes are the proletariat (the working class), who make up the majority of the population within society and must sell their labor to survive, and the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class), a small minority that derives profit from employing the working class through private ownership of the means of production. According to this analysis, a communist revolution would put the working class in power, and in turn establish common ownership of property, the primary element in the transformation of society towards a communist mode of production.

Communism in its modern form grew out of the socialist movement in 19th-century Europe, who blamed capitalism for the misery of urban factory workers. In the 20th century, several ostensibly Communist governments espousing Marxism–Leninism and its variants came into power, first in the Soviet Union with the Russian Revolution of 1917, and then in portions of Eastern Europe, Asia, and a few other regions after World War II. As one of the many types of socialism, communism became the dominant political tendency, along with social democracy, within the international socialist movement by the early 1920s. During most of the 20th century, around one-third of the world's population lived under Communist governments. These governments, which have been criticized by other leftists and socialists, were characterized by one-party rule by a communist party, the rejection of private property and capitalism, state control of economic activity and mass media, restrictions on freedom of religion, and suppression of opposition and dissent. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, several previously Communist governments repudiated or abolished Communist rule altogether. Afterwards, only a small number of nominally Communist governments remained, which are China, Cuba, Laos, North Korea, and Vietnam. With the exception of North Korea, all of these states have started allowing more economic competition while maintaining one-party rule.

While the emergence of the Soviet Union as the world's first nominally Communist state led to communism's widespread association with the Soviet economic model, several scholars posit that in practice the model functioned as a form of state capitalism. Public memory of 20th-century Communist states has been described as a battleground between anti-anti-communism and anti-communism. A lot of the negative light cast on 20th-century Communist states comes from Western propaganda and media sources who were engaged in an ideological competition. Post-Cold War documentation actually contradicts a lot of the media and state narratives being pushed in the West during the Cold War.
 
Stalinism: the means of governing and Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. It included the creation of a one-party totalitarian police state, rapid industrialization, the theory of socialism in one country (until 1939), collectivization of agriculture, intensification of class conflict, a cult of personality, and subordination of the interests of foreign communist parties to those of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, deemed by Stalinism to be the leading vanguard party of communist revolution at the time. After Stalin's death and the Khrushchev Thaw, a period of de-Stalinization began in the 1950s and 1960s, which caused the influence of Stalin's ideology to begin to wane in the USSR.
 
Maoism: officially called Mao Zedong Thought by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China and later the People's Republic of China. The philosophical difference between Maoism and traditional Marxism–Leninism is that a united front of progressive forces in class society would lead the revolutionary vanguard in pre-industrial societies, rather than communist revolutionaries alone. This updating and adaptation of Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions in which revolutionary praxis is primary and ideological orthodoxy is secondary represents urban Marxism–Leninism adapted to pre-industrial China. Later theoreticians expanded on the idea that Mao had adapted Marxism–Leninism to Chinese conditions, arguing that he had in fact updated it fundamentally and that Maoism could be applied universally throughout the world. This ideology is often referred to as Marxism–Leninism–Maoism to distinguish it from the original ideas of Mao.
 
Titoism: a socialist political philosophy most closely associated with Josip Broz Tito during the Cold War. It is characterized by a broad Yugoslav identity, socialist workers' self-management, a political separation from the Soviet Union, and leadership in the Non-Aligned Movement. Elements of Titoism are characterized by policies and practices based on the principle that in each country the means of attaining ultimate communist goals must be dictated by the conditions of that particular country, rather than by a pattern set in another country. During Josip Broz Tito's era, this specifically meant that the communist goal should be pursued independently of and often in opposition to the policies of the Soviet Union.

It is distinct from Joseph Stalin's "socialism in one country" theory, as Tito advocated cooperation between developing nations in the world through the Non-Aligned Movement while at the same time pursuing socialism in whatever ways best suited particular nations. In contrast, "socialism in one country" focused on large-scale collectivization and rapid industrialization within the Soviet Union, rather than pursuit of proletarian internationalism, in order to compete with what Stalin perceived as the more advanced nations of the West. During Tito's era, his ideas specifically meant that the communist goal should be pursued independently of (and often in opposition to) what he referred to as the Stalinist and imperialist policies of the Soviet Union. Through this split and subsequent policies some commentators have grouped Titoism with Eurocommunism or reformist socialism. It was also meant to demonstrate the viability of a third way between the capitalist United States and the socialist Soviet Union.

In fact, on the economic level, Tito simply took note of the inability of the Stalinist-type centralized economy to meet human needs, several years before Nikita Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev in the USSR, before Imre Nagy in Hungary and Deng Xiaoping in China.

Throughout his time in office, Tito prided himself on Yugoslavia's independence from the Soviet Union, with Yugoslavia never accepting full membership in Comecon and Tito's open rejection of many aspects of Stalinism as the most obvious manifestations of this. The Soviets and their satellite states often accused Yugoslavia of Trotskyism and social democracy, charges loosely based on Tito's socialist self-management, attempts at greater democratization, and the theory of associated labor (profit sharing policies and worker-owned industries initiated by him, Milovan Đilas and Edvard Kardelj in 1950). It was in these things that the Soviet leadership accused of harboring the seeds of council communism or even corporatism.
 
Trotskyism: is the political ideology and branch of Marxism developed by Russian revolutionary Leon Trotsky and some other members of the Left Opposition and Fourth International. Trotsky described himself as an orthodox Marxist, a revolutionary Marxist, and a Bolshevik–Leninist as well as a follower of Marx, Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Karl Liebknecht, and Rosa Luxemburg. He supported founding a vanguard party of the proletariat, proletarian internationalism, and a dictatorship of the proletariat (as opposed to the "dictatorship of the bourgeoisie", which Marxists argue defines capitalism) based on working-class self-emancipation and mass democracy. Trotskyists are critical of Stalinism as they oppose Joseph Stalin's theory of socialism in one country in favour of Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution. Trotskyists criticize the bureaucracy and anti-democratic current developed in the Soviet Union under Stalin.
 
Marxism: a left-wing to far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict and a dialectical perspective to view social transformation. It seeks to explain social phenomena within any given society by analysing the material conditions and economic activities required to fulfill human material needs. It assumes that the form of economic organisation, or mode of production, influences all other social phenomena, including broader social relations, political institutions, legal systems, cultural systems, aesthetics and ideologies. These social relations and the economic system form a base and superstructure. As forces of production (i.e. technology) improve, existing forms of organising production become obsolete and hinder further progress. Karl Marx wrote: "At a certain stage of development, the material productive forces of society come into conflict with the existing relations of production or—this merely expresses the same thing in legal terms—with the property relations within the framework of which they have operated hitherto. From forms of development of the productive forces these relations turn into their fetters. Then begins an era of social revolution."

These inefficiencies manifest themselves as social contradictions in society which are, in turn, fought out at the level of class struggle. Under the capitalist mode of production, this struggle materialises between the minority who own the means of production (the bourgeoisie) and the vast majority of the population who produce goods and services (the proletariat). Starting with the conjectural premise that social change occurs due to the struggle between different classes within society who contradict one another, a Marxist would conclude that capitalism exploits and oppresses the proletariat; therefore, capitalism will inevitably lead to a proletarian revolution. In a socialist society, private property—as the means of production—would be replaced by cooperative ownership. A socialist economy would not base production on the creation of private profits but on the criteria of satisfying human needs—that is, production for use. Friedrich Engels explained that "the capitalist mode of appropriation, in which the product enslaves first the producer, and then the appropriator, is replaced by the mode of appropriation of the products that is based upon the nature of the modern means of production; upon the one hand, direct social appropriation, as means to the maintenance and extension of production—on the other, direct individual appropriation, as means of subsistence and of enjoyment."

Marxian economics and its proponents view capitalism as economically unsustainable and incapable of improving the population's living standards due to its need to compensate for the falling rate of profit by cutting employees' wages and social benefits while pursuing military aggression. The socialist mode of production would succeed capitalism as humanity's mode of production through revolution by workers. According to Marxian crisis theory, socialism is not an inevitability but an economic necessity.
 
Marxism-Leninism: a communist ideology that was the predominant branch of the communist movement throughout the 20th century. Developed in Russia by the Bolsheviks, it was the state ideology of the Soviet Union, Soviet satellite states in the Eastern Bloc, and various countries in the Non-Aligned Movement and Third World during the Cold War, as well as the Communist International after Bolshevisation. Today, Marxism–Leninism is the ideology of the ruling parties of China, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam (all one-party socialist republics), as well as many other Communist parties. The state ideology of North Korea is derived from Marxism–Leninism (although its evolution is disputed). Marxist–Leninist states are commonly referred to as "communist states" by Western academics.
Marxist–Leninists reject anarchism and left communism, as well as reformist socialism and social democracy. They oppose fascism and liberal democracy, and are self-proclaimed anti-imperialists. Marxism–Leninism holds that a two-stage communist revolution is needed to replace capitalism. A vanguard party, organized through democratic centralism, would seize power on behalf of the proletariat and establish a one-party socialist state, called the dictatorship of the proletariat. The state would control the means of production, suppress opposition, counter-revolution, and the bourgeoisie, and promote Soviet collectivism, to pave the way for an eventual communist society that would be classless and stateless.
 
Fascism: a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation and race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

Fascism rose to prominence in early 20th-century Europe. The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I, before spreading to other European countries, most notably Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Opposed to anarchism, democracy, pluralism, liberalism, socialism, and Marxism, fascism is placed on the far-right wing within the traditional left–right spectrum.
Fascism rejects assertions that violence is inherently bad and views imperialism, political violence, and war as means to national rejuvenation. Fascists often advocate for the establishment of a totalitarian one-party state, and for a dirigiste economy, with the principal goal of achieving autarky (national economic self-sufficiency) through protectionist and economic interventionist policies. Fascism's extreme authoritarianism and nationalism often manifests as belief in racial purity or a master race, usually blended with some variant of racism or bigotry against a demonized "Other", such as Jews. These ideas have motivated fascist regimes to commit genocides, massacres, forced sterilizations, mass killings, and forced deportations.

Since the end of World War II in 1945, few parties have openly described themselves as fascist; the term is more often used pejoratively by political opponents. The descriptions of neo-fascist or post-fascist are sometimes employed to describe contemporary parties with ideologies similar to, or rooted in, 20th-century fascist movements. Some opposition groups have adopted the label anti-fascist or "antifa" to signify their stance.
 
Nazism: the common name in English for National Socialism (German: Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany. During Hitler's rise to power in 1930s Europe, it was frequently referred to as Hitlerism (German: Hitlerfaschismus). The later related term "neo-Nazism" is applied to other far-right groups with similar ideas which formed after the Second World War.

Nazism is a form of fascism, with disdain for liberal democracy and the parliamentary system. It incorporates a dictatorship, fervent antisemitism, anti-communism, scientific racism, white supremacy, social Darwinism and the use of eugenics into its creed. Its extreme nationalism originated in pan-Germanism and the ethno-nationalist neopagan Völkisch movement which had been a prominent aspect of German ultranationalism since the late 19th century, and it was strongly influenced by the Freikorps paramilitary groups that emerged after Germany's defeat in World War I, from which came the party's underlying "cult of violence". Nazism subscribed to pseudo-scientific theories of a racial hierarchy, identifying Germans as part of what the Nazis regarded as an Aryan or Nordic master race. It sought to overcome social divisions and create a homogeneous German society based on racial purity which represented a people's community (Volksgemeinschaft). The Nazis aimed to unite all Germans living in historically German territory, as well as gain additional lands for German expansion under the doctrine of Lebensraum and exclude those whom they deemed either Community Aliens or "inferior" races (Untermenschen).

The term "National Socialism" arose out of attempts to create a nationalist redefinition of socialism, as an alternative to both Marxist international socialism and free-market capitalism. Nazism rejected the Marxist concepts of class conflict and universal equality, opposed cosmopolitan internationalism, and sought to convince all parts of the new German society to subordinate their personal interests to the "common good", accepting political interests as the main priority of economic organization, which tended to match the general outlook of collectivism or communitarianism rather than economic socialism. The Nazi Party's precursor, the pan-German nationalist and antisemitic German Workers' Party (DAP), was founded on 5 January 1919. By the early 1920s, the party was renamed the National Socialist German Workers' Party in order to appeal to left-wing workers, a renaming that Hitler initially objected to. The National Socialist Program, or "25 Points", was adopted in 1920 and called for a united Greater Germany that would deny citizenship to Jews or those of Jewish descent, while also supporting land reform and the nationalization of some industries. In Mein Kampf ("My Struggle"), published in 1925–1926, Hitler outlined the antisemitism and anti-communism at the heart of his political philosophy as well as his disdain for representative democracy and his belief in Germany's right to territorial expansion through lebensraum.
 
Libertarianism: a political philosophy that upholds liberty as a core value. Libertarians seek to maximize autonomy and political freedom, and minimize the state's encroachment on and violations of individual liberties; emphasizing the rule of law, pluralism, cosmopolitanism, cooperation, civil and political rights, bodily autonomy, freedom of association, free trade, freedom of expression, freedom of choice, freedom of movement, individualism, and voluntary association. Libertarians are often skeptical of or opposed to authority, state power, warfare, militarism and nationalism, but some libertarians diverge on the scope of their opposition to existing economic and political systems. Various schools of libertarian thought offer a range of views regarding the legitimate functions of state and private power, often calling for the restriction or dissolution of coercive social institutions. Different categorizations have been used to distinguish various forms of Libertarianism. Scholars distinguish libertarian views on the nature of property and capital, usually along left–right or socialist–capitalist lines. Libertarians of various schools were influenced by liberal ideas.

Libertarianism originated as a form of left-wing politics such as anti-authoritarian and anti-state socialists like anarchists, especially social anarchists, but more generally libertarian communists/Marxists and libertarian socialists. These libertarians seek to abolish capitalism and private ownership of the means of production, or else to restrict their purview or effects to usufruct property norms, in favor of common or cooperative ownership and management, viewing private property as a barrier to freedom and liberty. While all libertarians support some level of individual rights, left-libertarians differ by supporting an egalitarian redistribution of natural resources. Left-libertarian ideologies include anarchist schools of thought, alongside many other anti-paternalist and New Left schools of thought centered around economic egalitarianism as well as geolibertarianism, green politics, market-oriented left-libertarianism and the Steiner–Vallentyne school. Around the turn of the 21st century, libertarian socialism grew in popularity and influence as part of the anti-war, anti-capitalist and anti-globalisation movements.

In the mid-20th century, American right-libertarian proponents of anarcho-capitalism and minarchism co-opted the term libertarian to advocate laissez-faire capitalism and strong private property rights such as in land, infrastructure and natural resources. The latter is the dominant form of libertarianism in the United States. This new form of libertarianism was a revival of classical liberalism in the United States, which occurred due to American liberals embracing progressivism and economic interventionism in the early 20th century after the Great Depression and with the New Deal. Since the 1970s, right-libertarianism has spread beyond the United States, with right-libertarian parties being established in the United Kingdom, Israel, and South Africa. Minarchists advocate for night-watchman states which maintain only those functions of government necessary to safeguard natural rights, understood in terms of self-ownership or autonomy, while anarcho-capitalists advocate for the replacement of all state institutions with private institutions.